Nā waiwai kemika o nā mea ʻohe

Loaʻa i nā mea ʻohe ka nui o ka cellulose, ke ʻano lahilahi o ka fiber, nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi a me ka plasticity. Ma ke ʻano he mea ʻē aʻe maikaʻi no nā mea hana pepa lāʻau, hiki i ka ʻohe ke hoʻokō i nā koi pulp no ka hana ʻana i ka pepa waena a me ke kiʻekiʻe. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he maikaʻi nā waiwai pulping o ka ʻohe. ʻO ka hana o ka pulp ʻohe ka lua wale nō i ka pulp lāʻau coniferous, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka pulp lāʻau lau ākea a me ka pulp mauʻu. Aia ʻo Myanmar, India a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe ma ke alo o ka honua ma ke kahua o ka pulp ʻohe a me ka hana pepa. ʻO ka pulp ʻohe a me nā huahana pepa o Kina e lawe nui ʻia mai Myanmar a me India. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana i ka ʻoihana pulp ʻohe a me ka hana pepa he mea nui ia i ka hōʻoluʻolu ʻana i ka nele o nā mea maka pulp lāʻau i kēia manawa.

Ulu wikiwiki ka ʻohe a hiki ke ʻohi ʻia i loko o 3 a 4 mau makahiki. Eia kekahi, he hopena paʻa kalapona ko nā ululāʻau ʻohe, e hoʻonui nui ana i nā pono waiwai, kaiaola a me ka nohona o ka ʻoihana ʻohe. I kēia manawa, ua oʻo mālie ka ʻenehana a me nā lako hana pulp ʻohe o Kina, a ua hana ʻia nā lako nui e like me ke kahi ʻana a me ka pulping ma ka home. Ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā laina hana pepa ʻohe nui a me waena a ua hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana ma Guizhou, Sichuan a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.

Nā waiwai kemika o ka ʻohe
Ma ke ʻano he mea biomass, ʻekolu mau ʻāpana kemika nui o ka ʻohe: cellulose, hemicellulose, a me ka lignin, me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka pectin, starch, polysaccharides, a me ka wax. Ma ka nānā ʻana i ka haku mele kemika a me nā ʻano o ka ʻohe, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻomaopopo i nā pono a me nā hemahema o ka ʻohe ma ke ʻano he pulp a me ka pepa.
1. Loaʻa i ka ʻohe ka nui o ka cellulose
He kiʻekiʻe nā koi o ka pepa i hoʻopau ʻia no nā mea maka pulp, e koi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka cellulose, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka lignin, polysaccharides a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo Yang Rendang et al. i nā ʻāpana kemika nui o nā mea biomass e like me ka ʻohe (Phyllostachys pubescens), masson pine, poplar, a me ka ʻōpala palaoa a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ka nui o ka cellulose he masson pine (51.20%), ʻohe (45.50%), poplar (43.24%), a me ka ʻōpala palaoa (35.23%); ʻo ka nui o ka hemicellulose (pentosan) he poplar (22.61%), ʻohe (21.12%), ʻōpala palaoa (19.30%), a me masson pine (8.24%); ʻo ka nui o ka lignin he ʻohe (30.67%), masson pine (27.97%), poplar (17.10%), a me ka ʻōpala palaoa (11.93%). Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā mea hoʻohālikelike ʻehā, ʻo ka ʻohe ka mea maka pulping lua wale nō i ka paina masson.
2. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā olonā ʻohe a he nui ka lakio hiʻohiʻona
ʻO ka lōʻihi awelika o nā olonā ʻohe he 1.49~2.28 mm, ʻo ke anawaena awelika he 12.24~17.32 μm, a ʻo ka lakio hiʻohiʻona he 122~165; ʻo ka mānoanoa awelika o ka paia o ke olonā he 3.90~5.25 μm, a ʻo ka lakio o ka paia-a-lua he 4.20~7.50, he olonā mānoanoa me ka lakio hiʻohiʻona nui aʻe. Hilinaʻi nui nā mea pulp i ka cellulose mai nā mea biomass. Pono nā mea maka biofiber maikaʻi no ka hana pepa i ka nui o ka cellulose a me ka haʻahaʻa o ka lignin, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui wale i ka hua pulp, akā e hōʻemi pū i ka lehu a me nā mea i unuhi ʻia. Loaʻa i ka ʻohe nā ʻano o nā olonā lōʻihi a me ka lakio hiʻohiʻona nui, kahi e ulana ai ka olonā i nā manawa he nui ma kēlā me kēia wahi ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana o ka pulp ʻohe i pepa, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ikaika o ka pepa. No laila, kokoke ka hana pulping o ka ʻohe i ko ka lāʻau, a ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o nā mea kanu mauʻu ʻē aʻe e like me ka mauʻu maloʻo, ka mauʻu palaoa, a me ka bagasse.
3. He ikaika kiʻekiʻe ka fiber fiber o ka ʻohe
ʻAʻole wale ka cellulose ʻohe he mea hou, hiki ke palaho, biocompatible, hydrophilic, a he mau waiwai kūpaʻa mechanical a me ka wela maikaʻi loa, akā he mau waiwai mechanical maikaʻi hoʻi. Ua hana kekahi mau loea i nā hoʻokolohua tensile ma 12 mau ʻano olonā ʻohe a ua ʻike ʻia ua ʻoi aku ko lākou modulus elastic a me ka ikaika tensile ma mua o nā olonā lāʻau ulu wikiwiki artificial. Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻo Wang et al. i nā waiwai mechanical tensile o ʻehā ʻano olonā: ʻohe, kenaf, fir, a me ramie. Ua hōʻike nā hopena ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka modulus tensile a me ka ikaika o ka olonā ʻohe ma mua o nā mea olonā ʻekolu ʻē aʻe.
4. Loaʻa i ka ʻohe ka lehu kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike ʻana o ka mea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka lehu o ka ʻohe (ma kahi o 1.0%) a me 1% NAOH extract (ma kahi o 30.0%), kahi e hoʻopuka ai i nā mea haumia hou aʻe i ka wā o ke kaʻina hana pulping, ʻaʻole ia e kūpono i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana pulp a me ka pepa, a e hoʻonui i ke kumukūʻai hoʻopukapuka kālā o kekahi mau lako.

I kēia manawa, ua hōʻea ke ʻano o nā huahana pepa pulp ʻohe a Yashi Paper i nā koi kūlana EU ROHS, ua hala i ka EU AP (2002)-1, US FDA a me nā hoʻokolohua kūlana meaʻai honua ʻē aʻe, ua hala i ka palapala hōʻoia ululāʻau FSC 100%, a ʻo ia hoʻi ka hui mua ma Sichuan e loaʻa i ka palapala hōʻoia palekana a olakino Kina; i ka manawa like, ua laʻana ʻia he huahana "quality supervision sampling qualified" e ka National Paper Products Inspection Center no nā makahiki he ʻumi i hala, a ua lanakila pū i nā hanohano e like me "National Quality Stable Qualified Brand and Product" mai ka China Quality Tour.